Jaguar brand equity charter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jaguar brand equity charter - Assignment Example This in turn has led to an increase in company’s sales revenues (LMS International, paras.2-5). Therefore, it is important to understand the identity of Jaguar brand equity because as well as acts as an important tool for determining the most appropriate marketing strategies to be applied. Further, it helps to track the positive benefits associated with Jaguar brand and its customers so that the company can be in a position to know the areas that need improvements (Kotler, Philip, Waldemar, and Ines, p.15). The resources used to complete the section on the charter include; use of comparison resources such as cartoon and photos. In addition, task completion resources were utilized whereby, customers views may be obtained by providing them with some bubble games to feel in and interpretation were made thereafter (Kotler, Philip, Waldemar and Ines, p.15). The purpose of brand charter is to determine the long term marketing strategies that may be adopted by Jaguar Company to reinforce its brand equity in the automobile industry. The charter may be used by marketing executives to determine the most appropriate marketing strategies that may be employed (Kotler, Philip, Waldemar and Ines, p.15). LMS International. Jaguar: Engineering a Brand that combines Luxurious Sound with First-ClassHandling.Web.23.04.2014.

Jubilee Essay Example for Free

Jubilee Essay â€Å"Jubilee† is a narrative written by Margaret Walker and was first published in 1966. The writer, instructor as well as intellectual was born in 1915 and is best recognized for her civil war narrative Jubilee as well as for her influential anthology of poems concerning ethnic assertion. Walker’s narrative is one of the initial tales to present the African-American’s nineteenth century experience within the South from a feminine as well as a black’s perspective. The narrative won the Houghton Mifflins Literary Fellowship Award, and is a fictionalized explanation of the life of Margaret Duggans Ware Brown, Walker’s great-grandmother who was born in Dawson in Terrell state as a slave and lived during reconstruction inside South West Georgia. The narrative is based on tales Walker’s maternal grandmother narrated to her. (Walker. M, 1999) The seriously celebrated historical narrative/long fiction centers on the story of Vyry, a bi-racial slave in the Civil War in America and deals with a number of subjects like racism, freedom, slaves or slavery, Civil war, women, christianity, reconstruction, African- Americans among other major themes. The narrative is set in Georgia and afterward in diverse sections of Alabama during the mid-1800s prior to, during, as well as following the civil war. The following is an explanation of the setting in place and time, the manner in which the author takes the reader there, the major characters, the history studied from the narrative, what the reader can study concerning civil war, slavery and reconstruction, whether the author views slavery as paternalistic or autocratic as well as what the narrative states concerning why reconstruction was not successful.

Sepsis An Overview Health And Social Care Essay

Sepsis An Overview Health And Social Care Essay Sepsis is an infection of the bloodstream. The infection tends to spread quickly and often is difficult to recognize. One of our roles as a nurse is that of patient advocate, and as such we are closest to the patient, placing us in a key position to identify any subtle changes at their earliest onset and prevent the spread of severe infection. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock is key to early recognition. Early recognition allows for appropriate treatment to begin sooner, decreasing the likelihood of septic shock and life-threatening organ failure. Once sepsis is diagnosed, early and aggressive treatment can begin, which greatly reduces mortality rates associated with sepsis. sepà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢sis (ˈsep-sÉâ„ ¢s) n. Sometimes called blood poisoning, sepsis is the bodys often deadly response to infection or injury (Merriam-Webster, 2011) Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the immune systems reaction to an infection; it is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). It is defined by the presence of 2 or more SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) criteria in the setting of a documented or presumed infection (Rivers, McIntyre, Morro, Rivers, 2005 pg 1054). Chemicals that are released into the blood to fight infection trigger widespread inflammation which explains why injury can occur to body tissues far from the original infection. The body may develop the inflammatory response to microbes in the blood, urine, lungs, skin and other tissues. Manifestations of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) include abnormalities in temperature, heart, respiratory rates and leukocyte counts. This is a severe sepsis that arises from a noninfectious cause. The condition may manifest into severe sepsis or septic shock. Severe sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction, while septic shock results when blood pressure decreases and the patient becomes extremely hypotensive, even with the administration of fluid resuscitation (Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen, OBrien and Bucher (2007), pg 1778). The initial presentation of severe sepsis and septic shock is usually nonspecific.    Patients admitted with relatively benign infection can progress in a few hours to a more devastating form of the disease. The transition usually occurs during the first 24 hours of hospitalization (Lewis, et al 2007, pg 1779). Severe sepsis is associated with acute organ dysfunction as inflammation may result in organ damage (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). As severe sepsis progresses, it begins to affect organ function and eventually can lead to septic shock; a sometimes fatal drop in blood pressure. People who are most at risk of developing sepsis include the very young and the very old, individuals with compromised immune systems, very sick people in the hospital and those who have invasive devices, such as urinary catheters or breathing tubes (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic, 2010). Black people are more likely than are white people to get sepsis and black men face the highest risk (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). Severe sepsis is diagnosed if at least one of the following signs and symptoms, which indicate organ dysfunction, are noted; areas of mottled skin, significantly decreased urine output, abrupt change in mental status, decrease in platelet count, difficulty breathing and abnormal heart function (Lewis et al, 2007 pg 1779). To be diagnosed with septic shock, a patient must have the signs and symptoms of severe sepsis plus extremely low blood pressure (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). Sepsis is usually treated in the ICU with antibiotic therapy and intravenous fluids. These patients require preventative measures for deep vein thrombosis, stress ulcer and pressure ulcers. Hunter (2006) explains that the reason why sepsis is rarely given attention and popularized for public information and attention is because it is not a disease in itself, but a reaction of the body to a lowered immunological response. Sepsis is the leading cause of death in non-coronary intensive care units (ICUs) and the 10th leading cause of death in the United States overall (Slade, Tamber and Vincent, 2010, pg 2).   The incidence of severe sepsis in the United States is between 650,000 and 750,000 cases. Over 10 million cases of sepsis have been reported in the United States based on a 22-year period study of discharge data from 750 million hospitalizations Annually, approximately 750,000 people develop sepsis and more than 200,000 cases are fatal (Slade, et al 2010, pg 1). More than 70% of these patients have underlying co-morbidities and more than 60% of these cases occur in those aged 65 years and older (Slade, et al 2010, pg 1). When patients with human immunodeficiency virus are excluded, the incidence of sepsis in men and women is similar. A greater number of sepsis cases are caused by infection with gram-positive organisms than gram-negative organisms, and fungal infections now account for 6% of cases (Slade, et al 2010, pg 1). After adjusting for population size, the annualized incidence of sepsis is increasing by 8%. The incidence of severe sepsis is increasing greatest in older adults and the nonwhite population. The rise in the number of cases is believed to be caused by the increased use of invasive procedures and immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, transplantation, and prosthetic implants and devices, as well as the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance (Slade, et al 2010, pg 1). Despite advances in critical care management, sepsis has a mortality rate of 30 to 50 percent and is among the primary causes of death in intensive care units ((Brunn and Platt, 2006, 12: 10-6). It is believed that the increasing incidence of severe sepsis is due to the growing population among the elderly as a result of increasing longevity among people with chronic diseases and the high prevalence of sepsis developing among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Slade, et al 2010, pg 1). During an infection, the bodys defense system is activated to fight the attacking pathogens. These invading pathogens, especially bacteria, possess receptive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) coverings or release exotoxins and endotoxins that activate the T-cells and macrophages and trigger the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to respond by releasing antibodies, eicosanoids and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins. The antigens may also result in the production of lysozymes and proteases, cationic proteins and lactoferrin that can recognize and kill invading pathogens. Different microbes also induce various profiles of TNF and interleukin to be released. These molecules results in a heightened inflammatory response of the body and vascular dilation. The TLRs also affect a different cascade that involves coagulation pathways, which results in preventing the bleeding to occur at the area of infection. With too much molecular responses and signals, the recognition of the molecules sometimes fails and attacks even the bodys endothelial cells. These compounded immune and inflammatory actions result in the development of the symptoms of sepsis (Hunter, 2006 pg 668; Van Amersfoort, 2001 pg 400). Brunn and Platt (2006) believes that events leading to breakdown of the tissue such as injuries or infection, that naturally results in the activation of the immune system, is a major event that causes sepsis. During host infection, the release of tumor necrosis factor and interlekin-1 signals the dilation of the arteries and inflammation. These released cytokines also activate the coagulation pathway to prevent fibrinolysis but an increase in the concentration of these molecules may result in abnormalities in the hosts defense system (Gropper, 2004 pg 568). The common belief that sepsis is caused by endotoxins released by pathogens has fully been established but genomic advancements is shedding light on current insights that sepsis can also occur without endotoxin triggers, that is even without microbial infections (Gropper, 2004 pg 568). Diagnosing sepsis can be difficult because its signs and symptoms can be caused by other disorders. Doctors often order a battery of tests to try to pinpoint the underlying infection. Blood tests and additional laboratory tests on fluids such as urine and cerebrospinal fluid to check for bacteria and infections and wound secretions, if an open wound appears infected. In addition, imaging tests to visualize problems such as x-ray, computerized tomography (ct), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to locate the source of an infection are also ordered. Early, aggressive recognition boosts a patients chances of surviving sepsis. Sepsis should be treated as a medical emergency. In other words, sepsis should be treated as quickly and efficiently as possible as soon as it has been identified. This means rapid administration of antibiotics and fluids. A 2006 study showed that the risk of death from sepsis increases by 7.6% with every hour that passes before treatment begins. (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). Early, aggressive treatment boosts the chances of surviving sepsis. People with severe sepsis require close monitoring and treatment in a hospital intensive care unit. Lifesaving measures may be needed to stabilize breathing and heart function. (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). People with sepsis usually need to be in an intensive care unit (ICU). As soon as sepsis is suspected, broad spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy is begun. The number of antibiotics may be decreased when blood tests reveal which particular bacteria are causing the infection. The source of the infection should be discovered, if possible. This could mean more testing. Infected intravenous lines or surgical drains should be removed, and any abscesses should be surgically drained. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, and medications that increase blood pressure may be needed. Dialysis may be necessary if there is kidney failure, and a breathing machine (mechanical ventilation) if there is respiratory failure (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic, 2010). While severe sepsis requires treatment in a critical care area, its recognition is often made outside of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). With nurses being at the side of a patient from admission to discharge, this places them in an ideal position to be first to recognize sepsis. Thorough assessments are crucial and being able to recognize even the most minimal changes in a patient could be the difference between life and death. Once severe sepsis is confirmed, key aspects of nursing care are related to providing comprehensive treatment. Pain relief and sedation are important in promoting patients comfort. Meeting the needs of patients families is also an essential component of care. Research on the needs of patients families during critical illness supports provision of information as an important aspect of family care (Gropper et al, 2004 pg. 569). Teaching patients and their families is also essential to ensure that they understand various treatments and interventions provided in severe sepsis. Ultimately, prevention of sepsis may be the single most important measure for control (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic, 2010). Hand washing remains the most effective way to reduce the incidence of infection, especially the transmission of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic, 2010. Good hand hygiene can be achieved by using either a waterless, alcohol-based product or antibacterial soap and water with adequate rinsing. Using universal precautions, adhering to infection control practices, and instituting measures to prevent nosocomial infections can also help prevent sepsis (Lewis, et al 2007, pg 248). Nursing measures such as oral care, proper positioning, turning, and care of invasive catheters are important in decreasing the risk for infection in critically ill patients (Fourrier, Cau-Pottier, Boutigny, Roussel-Delvallez, Jourdain, Chopin, 2005 pg 1730). Newly released guidelines on the prevention of catheter-related infections stress the use of surveillance, cutaneous antisepsis during care of catheter sites, and catheter-site dressing regimens to minimize the risk of infection (Fourrier, 2005 pg. 1731). Other aspects of nursing care such as sending specimens for culture because of suspicious drainage or elevations in temperature, monitoring the characteristics of wounds and drainage material, and using astute clinical assessment to recognize patients at risk for sepsis can contribute to the early detection and treatment of infection to minimize the risk for sepsis. Critical care nurses are the healthcare providers most closely involved in the daily care of critically ill patients and so have the opportunity to identify patients at risk for and to look for signs and symptoms of severe sepsis (Kleinpell, Goyette, 2003 pg 120). In addition, critical care nurses are also the ones who continually monitor patients with severe sepsis to assess the effects of treatment and to detect adverse reactions to various therapeutic interventions. Use of an intensivist-led multidisciplinary team is designated as the best-practice model for the intensive care unit, and the value of team-led care has been shown (Kleinpell, et al 2003, pg 121). As key members of intensivist-led multidisciplinary teams, critical care nurses play an important role in the detection, monitoring, and treatment of sepsis and can affect outcomes in patients with severe sepsis (Kleinpell, et al 2003, pg 121). 5 Priority Nursing Diagnosis Diagnosis #1: Deficient fluid volume related to vasodilatation of peripheral vessels leaking of capillaries. Intervention #1: Watch for early signs of hypovolemia, including restlessness, weakness, muscle cramps, headaches, inability to concentrate and postural hypotension. . Rationale #1: Late signs include oliguria, abdominal or chest pain, cyanosis, cold clammy skin, and confusion (Kasper et al, 2005). : Intervention #2: Monitor for the existence of factors causing deficient fluid volume (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty maintaining oral intake, fever, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, diuretic therapy). Rationale #2: Early identification of risk factors and early intervention can decrease the occurrence and severity of complications from deficient fluid volume. The gastrointestinal system is a common site of abnormal fluid loss (Metheny, 2000). Intervention #3: Monitor daily weight for sudden decreases, especially in the presence of decreasing urine output or active fluid loss. Weigh the client on the same scale with the same type of clothing at same time of day, preferably before breakfast. Rationale #3: Body weight changes reflect changes in body fluid volume (Kasper et al, 2005). Weight loss of 2.2 pounds is equal to fluid loss of 1 liter (Linton Maebius, 2003). Diagnosis #2: Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to anorexia generalized weakness. Intervention #1: Monitor for signs of malnutrition, including brittle hair that is easily plucked, bruise, dry skin, pale skin and conjunctiva, muscle wasting, smooth red tongue, cheilosis, flaky paint rash over lower extremities and disorientation (Kasper, 2005). Rationale #1: Untreated malnutrition can result in death (Kasper, 2005). Intervention #2: Recognize that severe protein calorie malnutrition can result in septicemia from impairment of the immune system or organ failure including heart failure, liver failure, respiratory dysfunction, especially in the critically ill client. Rationale #2: Untreated malnutrition can result in death (Kasper, 2005) Intervention #3: Note laboratory test results as available: serum albumin, prealbumin, serum total protein, serum ferritin, transferring, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and electrolytes. Rationale #3: A serum albumin level of less than 3.5 g/100 milliliters is considered and indicator of risk of poor nutritional status (DiMaria-Ghalli Amella, 2005). Prealbumin level was reliable in evaluating the existence of malnutrition (Devoto et al, 2006). Diagnosis #3: Ineffective tissue perfusion related to decreased systemic vascular resistance. Intervention #1: If the client has a period of syncope or other signs of a possible transient ischemic attack, assist the client to a resting position, perform a neurological assessment and report to the physician. Rationale #1: Syncope may be caused by dysrhythmias, hypotension caused by decreased tone or volume, cerebrovascular disease, or anxiety. Unexplained recurrent syncope, especially if associated with structural heart disease, is associated with a high risk of death (Kasper et al, 2005). Intervention#2: If the client experiences dizziness because of postural hypotension when getting up, teach methods to decrease dizziness, such as remaining seated for several minutes before standing, flexing feet upward several time while seated, rising slowly, sitting down immediately if feeling dizzy and trying to have someone present when standing. Rationale #2: Postural hypotension can be detected in up to 30% of elderly clients. These methods can help prevent falls (Tinetti, 2003). Intervention #3: If symptoms of a new cerebrovascular accident occur (e.g., slurred speech, change in vision, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, or dysphasia), notify a physician immediately. Rationale #3: New onset of these neurological symptoms can signify a stroke. If the stroke is caused by a thrombus and the client receives thrombolytic treatment within 3 hours, effects can often be reversed and function improved, although there is an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (Wardlaw, et al, 2003) Diagnosis #4: Ineffective thermoregulation related to infectious process, septic shock. Intervention #1: Monitor temperature every 1 to 4 hours or use continuous temperature monitoring as appropriate. Rationale #1: Normal adult temperature is usually identified as 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) but in actuality the normal temperature fluctuates throughout the day. In the early morning it may be as low as 96.4 degrees F (35.8 degrees C) and in the late afternoon or evening as high as 99.1 degrees F (37.3 degrees C). (Bickely Szilagyj, 2007). Disease injury and pharmacological agents may impair regulation of body temperature (Kasper et al, 2005). Intervention #2: Measure the temperature orally or rectally. Avoid using the axillary or tympanic site. Rationale #2: Oral temperature measurement provides a more accurate temperature than tympanic measurement (Fisk Arcona, 2001; Giuliano et al, 2000). Axillary temperatures are often inaccurate. The oral temperature is usually accurate even in an intubated clients (Fallis, 2000). The SolaTherm and DataTherm devices correlated strongly with core body temperatures obtained from a pulmonary artery catheter (Smith, 2004). A study performed in Turkey found that axillary and tympanic temperatures were less accurate than oral temperatures (Devrim, 2007). Intervention #3: Take vital signs every 1 to 4 hours, noting changes associated with hypothermia; first, increased blood pressure, pulse and respirations; then decreased values as hypothermia progresses. Rationale #3: Mild hypothermia activates the sympathetic nervous system, which can increase the levels of vital signs; as hypothermia progresses, the heart becomes suppress, with decreased cardiac output and lowering of vital sign readings (Ruffolo, 2002; Kaper et al, 2005). Diagnosis #5: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to desquamation caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Intervention #1: Monitor skin condition at least once a day for color or texture changes, dermatological conditions, or lesions. Determine whether the client is experiencing loss of sensation or pain. Rationale #1: Systemic inspection can identify impending problems early (Ayello Braden, 2002; Krasner, Rodeheaver Sibbald, 2001). Intervention #2: Identify clients at risk for impaired skin integrity as a result of immobility, chronological age, malnutrition, incontinence, compromised perfusion, immunocompromised status or chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, spinal cord injury or renal failure. Rationale #2: These client populations are known to be at high risk for impaired skin integrity (Maklebust Sieggreen, 2001: Stotts Wipke-Tevis, 2001). Targeting variables (such as age and Braden Scale Risk Category) can focus assessment on particular risk factors (e.g., pressure) and help guide the plan of prevention and care (Young et al, 2002). Intervention #3: Monitor the clients skin care practices, noting type of soap or other cleansing agents used, temperature of water and frequency of skin cleansing. Rationale #3: Individualize plan according to the clients skin condition, needs, and preference (Baranoski, 2000). As a nursing student with a strong interest in working with trauma patients, I am intrigued by the fact that as to why some trauma patients are more susceptible to contracting sepsis than others. Therefore my suggestion for future research would be to determine if there is an underlying factor that we, as healthcare professionals are overlooking. Apparently, I am not alone in my thinking and in performing additional reading on sepsis I was pleasantly surprised to learn that an investigation into this matter is underway. Hinley (2010), a staff writer for Medical News Today, reports how an emergency room nurses curiosity about why some trauma patients develop sepsis while others dont has led to an expanded career as a researcher studying the same, burning question. Dr. Beth NeSmith, assistant professor of physiological and technological nursing in the Medical College of Georgia School of Nursing received a three-year, $281,000 National Institutes of Health grant in September, 2010 to examine risk factors for sepsis and organ failure following trauma. Based on her own research, Dr. NeSmith concluded that trauma kills more than 13 million Americans annually and sepsis is the leading cause of in-hospital trauma deaths, yet little data existed to explain differences in population vulnerability to these deadly outcomes. NeSmith believes lifetime chronic stress may be the culprit and a simple test on hair may identify those at risk. Her theory is that a person who grows up with chronic stress, such as socio- economic stress or abuse, will have a different response to trauma in terms of their inflammation profile, NeSmith said. Inflammation is a normal body response to trauma, but if it gets out of hand its dangerous. The only care for it is supportive until if the body gets better. (Hinley, P., Medical News Today, 2010) As the trauma clinical nurse specialist at MCG Health System from 1997-2003, NeSmith was intrigued by the limited treatment options available for sepsis. Her grant will allow her to test the theory that people with existing chronic stress respond differently physiologically to trauma than non-stressed individuals. NeSmith spends three days a week in the lab working with basic science research techniques. Nurses play a critical role in improving outcomes for patients with sepsis. To save the lives of those with sepsis, all nurses, no matter where they work, must develop their skills for recognizing sepsis early and initiating appropriate therapy. With nurses dedicated to understanding and stopping this deadly disorder, the goal of reducing mortality will be realized.  Ã‚  

Essay on Language and Dialogue in Catch-22 -- Catch-22

Use of Language and Dialogue Catch-22      Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Catch-22 is probably best discussed in terms of its language. The prose style Heller employs is original and distinctive, appropriate and well implemented (Pearson 277).† One application of that prose style is dialogue; Heller uses dialogue to manifest the themes of the novel. Some of the themes best shown in the dialogue of the characters are Heller's hatred of war, and his perceived idiocy in military and in bureaucracy. Scattered throughout the book are several dialogues which share numerous characteristics. Some particular conversations are especially demonstrative of these elements. Heller uses these dialogues to communicate his ideas to the reader. In chapter XXXVI, several military police officers pick up the camp's Chaplain, take him to The Cellar, and interrogate him. The dialogue between the three MPs and the Chaplain is typical of dialogues throughout the book in many ways and the conversation reflects numerous themes central toCatch-22. The inter rogation scene offers many insights into the meaning of Catch-22and the dialogue therein is especially important. The camp Heller describes is bureaucratic in the worst possible way and the conversation exhibits those characteristics of bureaucracy that Heller most loathes: illogical operation, inability to take action, lateral actions (in which no real gain is made), and a maelstrom of regulations which work against each other.    One way the interrogation scene mirrors the themes of the book is that the logicemployed by the military police officers is totally illogical. Heller presents thisas a major theme in his novel: throughout the book, the thought processes of agents of themilitary make no sense whatsoever and tho... ...ph Heller": Copyright 1996 by Charles Scribner's and Sons New York, NY.    Frank, Mike. "Enos and Thanatos in Catch-22." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Vol.11. (77-87) Detroit: Gale, 1990.    Hasley, Louis. "Dramatic Tension in Catch-22." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 8 (173) , Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit: Gale. 1990.    Heller, Joseph. The Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism. Twentieth-Century American Literature Vol. 3. New York. Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.    Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York: Dell Publishing, 1955, 1961    Kennard, Jean E. "Joseph Heller: At War with Absurdity." Contemporary Literary Criticism.(75-87) Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit:L Gale 1990.    Pearson, Carol. "Catch-22 & the Debasement of Language."Contemporary Literary Criticism. (277) Matuz . Detroit: L Gale 1990.

Global Animal Health Market Report Essay

Animal health market mainly comprises of medicines, medicinal feed additives and vaccines and caters to both food producing and companion animals. Food producing animals are species for the production of animal protein that include cattle (both beef and dairy), swine, poultry, sheep and fish whereas companion animals include dogs, cats and horses. Animal pharmaceuticals account for more than half of the animal health products market followed by biologicals and medicinal feed additives. Economic development and related increases in disposable income, particularly in many emerging markets; increasing pet ownership; increasing demand for improved nutrition, particularly animal protein; increased focus on food safety and need for greater livestock production efficiency are major factors driving the animal health market. North America is the largest animal health market followed by Europe, Asia and Latin America. The animal health care industry in Europe is majorly dominated by France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Within Asia, countries like Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea are developed markets and are characterized by extremely strict regulations. Demand for animal health products is more in emerging markets like India, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Taiwan. Animal health products are subject to extensive and increasingly stringent regulations. The animal health sector is highly competitive with top 10 players accounting for around 80% of the total market in 2011. Major market players include Pfizer, Merck, Merial, Elanco and Bayer. The report analyzes the global animal health market, with focus on its major segments. It also analyzes some of the major regional markets, including the US, the UK, China and India. The report discusses the major drivers and issues being experienced by the animal health market worldwide. It profiles the top three players in the global animal health market, along with their business strategies. By combining SPSS Inc.’s data integration and analysis capabilities with our relevant findings, we have predicted the future growth of the industry. We employed various significant variables that have an impact on this industry and created regression models with SPSS Base to determine the future direction of the industry. Before deploying the regression model, the relationship between several independent or predictor variables and the dependent variable was analyzed using standard SPSS output, including charts, tables and tests.

Differences Between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Junior Essay

Ever since the beginning of African slavery in America there has been debate over whether slavery is moral or immoral. Beginning in 1896 black rights leaders began to appear in the U. S. Two of the most influential and famous advocators of black rights were Martin Luther King Junior and Malcolm X. Although their goal of equality between all races is the same their approaches to achieving this goal are different. The main differences between the two leaders are that King achieved his goal through peaceful and moving speeches about equality, while Malcolm was a destroyer of those who were of the superior white race. The main differences in their approaches to discrimination can stem from their different childhoods. King was from a prominent family in the area of Atlanta who had grown up with excellent schooling. King skipped two grades and went to an Ivy League school at the age of 15 and received the finest education throughout his life. Malcolm grew up with no schooling and was virtually unknown before he began to travel around advocating black rights. Malcolm also suffered through tragedies in his life that scarred. Malcolm’s father abused his mother and she abused her eight children. Then Malcolm’s father was murdered and his mother suffered a breakdown and, as a result, his family was forced to be split up. Their approaches to discrimination were grounded on their childhood which results in the great differences between them. Malcolm had a bitter desire to get back at the world that he felt he had been mistreated by. Luther grew up in a peaceful, loving environment and this showed through his non-violent protest movements. Beyond their childhood their viewpoints were also influenced by their religions. Martin was a Baptist reverend who reached out to people while he was at his church. His beliefs were in the social gospel. However, King also practiced â€Å"personalism. † Personalism is defined as the theological concept that emphasizes the personal nature of God and importance as human personality as a reflection of that nature. Malcolm believed in the Islamic religion which condemned whites and showed them no mercy. Malcolm and Martin also followed the example of two different role models. Malcolm was influenced by Elijah Muhammad and his organization, the Nation of Islam. Elijah taught Malcolm that the white man is the â€Å"devil† and that blacks are the true rulers of the world. Martin revered Gandhi for his way of seeking patience and non-violence. Gandhi was a famous religious leader who led a non-violent retaliation against British imperialism in India. Gandhi taught Martin that it is good to fight a fight without any physical contact. Both Malcolm and Martin reflected the viewpoints of their leaders in the way they led their protests. Martin Luther King Junior used non-violent protesting, passive resistance, and â€Å"weapons of love† to instruct his followers when fighting for equal rights. His approach can most easily be seen from his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream,† speech where he spoke eloquently about his dream for blacks and whites being together with no tensions between them. Martin once quoted, â€Å"A riot is the language of the unheard. Martin means that riots will get you nowhere, if you wish to be heard grab people’s attention through simple, peaceful actions. Malcolm was a segregationist, supporter of segregation, until his pilgrimage to Mecca. Malcolm also was willing to use any means necessary to gain equality for his people. He believed the only way blacks could gain true freedom was through revolution and force. Besides their approaches to achieving equality their effects on the Civil Rights Movement are different. Martin Luther had a positive effect similar to the way he delivered his point. He changed the perception towards equal freedom by introducing a new viewpoint with his â€Å"I have a Dream,† speech. His death also led to the passage of the civil rights legislation in 1968. Most importantly though Martin Luther King Junior gave his people the strength and courage to stand up to their persecutors. Malcolm was murdered similar to King but his death had no effect on the civil rights movement. Instead of a positive effect on the world he encouraged protest and riots and more importantly instilled black pride.